Case Study - 2545 Words

Case Study Number 2 McKenzie Chavez What is the significance of each of D.W.’s laboratory findings? The tests that were run for the patient D.W. were performed to determine a diagnosis and treatment. Even though the disease systemic lupus erthematosus (SLE) doesn’t have a test that specifically diagnosis this diseases, there are test that are run to help with understand contributing factors. The significance of a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer is that 98% of people with systemic lupus test positive, even though it is not enough for a diagnosis of lupus (healthy individuals can test positive) it is a good indication along with other diagnostics test in the presence of lupus. The anti-double-stranded DNA antibody†¦show more content†¦How will D.W.’s treatment and care plan likely change? D.W.’s treatment will now be focused on treating her lupus nephritis. An emphasis on fluid retention in the assessment will play a big role in the new care plan. Lupus nephritis is treated with medications that suppress the immune system, so it stops attacki ng and damaging the kidneys. Standard treatment includes a corticosteroid, usually prednisone, to reduce inflammation in the kidneys. An immunosuppressive medication, such as cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil, is typically used with prednisone. Hydroxychloroquine, a medication for treating SLE, should also be prescribed or continued for people with lupus nephritis. Along with the use of medication lifestyle changes should complement treatment. D.W. should drink plenty of fluids, eat a low sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and protein diet, avoid smoking and drinking alcohol, exercise regularly, maintain a healthy blood pressure, and avoid NSAIDs. If renal failure worsens dialysis may be needed (smeltzer). What preventative measures should be instituted to protect D.W. at this time? Due to the patients acute exacerbation of her disease she now has lupus cerebritis. First the cause of the cerebritis is determined, it can be bacterial or secondary to SLE once this has been determined treatment can begin. Lupus cerebritis is most often treated by suppressing the autoimmune activity. When it is caused by infections,Show MoreRelatedCase Studies : A Case Study Approach Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesA case study is a specific instance that is frequently designed to illustrate a more general principle (Nisbet and Watt, 1984). Hitchock and Hughes (1995) further suggest that the case study approach is particularly valuable when the researcher has little control over evens. Case studies strives to portray ‘what it like’ to be a particular situation, to catch up reality and ‘thick description’ (Geertz, 1973) of participants’ lives experiences of, thoughts about a nd feelings for a situation. TheyRead MoreCase Study887 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reasons choose the case 1.2 The Problems The problems of this case are: 1. 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Strategic Analysis (SWOT and PEST) of Elecdyne Free Essays

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION As it is written in the case study about Elecdyne that the company is actually facing problems and is unable to grow itself since the last 2 years. Elecdyne is a Japanese company based in Tokyo and was established in 1990. They initially started with 5 employs and now it has 100 employs producing a range of Elecdyne products such as televisions, VCRs, DVD players, MP3 players, hi-fi equipment etc using technology licensed from a number of Japanese and European multinationals. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analysis (SWOT and PEST) of Elecdyne or any similar topic only for you Order Now It currently supplies only to the Japanese market. The problems that Elecdyne is facing is the general threats (and opportunities) that is been created by an increasingly globalized business environment like innovations in the products, rapid increase in the technology and changing in the nature of competition. Now the company needs to focus on how it will come out of this situation through an analysis and SWOT analysis will give a brief idea about the company’s internal and external factors. SWOT ANALYSIS OF ELECDYNE Before we do a swot analysis of Elecdyne first we should what actually swot analysis isSWOT analysis is basically method to look at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of any company. Usually we do swot analysis just to see at the internal and external environment of the country just to analyze the environment that whether the conditions are favorable or not. This technique was created by Albert Humphrey. PEST ANALYSIS Before doing pest analysis first we should know about pest analysis. PEST analysis has 4 things in it which are Political, Economic, Social and Technological. The reason of doing it is to know about the macro environment. â€Å"In analysing the macro-environment, it is important to identify the factors that might in turn affect a number of vital variables that are likely to influence the organization’s supply and demand levels and its costs† (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1991; Johnson and Scholes, 1993). â€Å"PEST analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations.† (Kotler 1998) Final Recommendations: The above analysis shows the current situation of Elecdyne and it shows that the company is in a very bad position. To get out of such situation the company needs to make some strategies and these strategies are discussed below: As we know that Elecdyne is working in the Japanese market since the last 20 years and so they have a pretty good knowledge about Japanese market. Their experience can play a vital role in operating in that huge market. First of all they have to do some research and find out that what type of products do customer need and should focus on that. As Elecdyne is not very much advanced in the technology so of course they should also focus on the technology. For example now Blu-ray technology is getting very common in the world and Japan being a very advance country in technology so Elecdyne should focus on improving the technology in its products. Another problem that Elecdyne is facing that its losing its key employs and it should focus on retaining them. Elecdyne needs a cheap labour which is very difficult to find in Japan because in Japan the wage rate is very high so Elecdyne needs to relocate their location and look for some place where there is very cheap wage rate and they should also look for low price raw material so that the production cost can also reduce. Recently japan has been from the worst disaster of earthquake so Elecdyne can also focus on the CSR activity by which their name can also be known in the social activity in Japan. Elecdyne should also focus on technology for selling its products all around the world and the best way of doing that is the internet. If people from all around the world can get access to the rpoducts of Elecdyne so their sale can increase but as I have mentioned above that they should try to reduce the prices of their products because the biggest competitor Elecdyne has is Sony which is a huge name in world and of course if the products of Sony and Elecdyne will be of same price so people will definitely prefer Sony but if Elecdyne products will be cheaper so people might choose the products of Elecdyne. The main strategies that Elecdyne should focus on are as follows: Relocation of production where there is cheap labour and raw material. Should improve the technology. Make easy access of their products all around the world through the internet. SECTION 2 Elecdyne is a Japanese company which is operating in Tokyo and currently only selling their products to the local market. As the current situation of the company is below average and it has stopped growing since the last 2 year and due to that it has start losing its key employs to their competitors. Now the company is focusing on internationalization and looking to relocate the company and want to minimize its cost. They are looking for cheap labour rate and cheap raw material which is not possible in Japan because Japan labour rates are high. The employs of Elecdyne are well educated and most of them have done their higher education from USE, CANADA and UK which clearly means that when going internationally English landguage is not going be an issue for the emplos. As I have mentioned before that main reason of going to another country is to minizing the cost. METHODOLOGY The method that will be used is PEST analysis which actually focuses on the macro environment of the country. INTERNATIONALIZATION After having lots of discussions and meetings among the top management the three countries that they have decided to choose are, China India Brazil CHINA China is one of the biggest countries of the world having the area of (3,705,407 sq mi) (wikipedia.com) with the biggest population (1.3 billion) (google.com 2011). China currently has the GDP of $4.99 trillion (google.com) with a growth rate of 9% (tradingeconomics.com). China today is one of the biggest industries of producing goods because of its cheap labour and huge man power. The policies of Chinese government are relatively easy and most of the products are produced or assembled in China. When investing in China the companies 1st should look at the Marco environment of the country and for doing that pest analysis is the best way of doing that. INDIA India again is one of the biggest countries of the with the population of 1.17 billion (google.com) with the total land of 1,269,219 (sq mi) which is 7th in world (Wikipedia.com). Since the last decade India’s economy has been boosting up doing to lots of foreign investments. The GDP of India is 1.31 trillion US dollars (google.com) with a growth rate of 8.3% and ranking 10th in the world as far as growth rate is concern. In India when companies want to invest so there are no complications when it comes to the government policies because the companies only need to report to RBI (Reserve Bank of India). The Indian government also support the FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and the taxes on the business sector are not very high so this also gives a relief to the foreign investment. India has a very huge man power as they are 17.3% of the world population (Wikipedia.com) and due to this the labour rate in India is relatively cheaper than other countries of the world. To see this in more details the pest analysis of India will give a much better idea of the Macro environment of the country. PoliticalEconomic Government supports the FDI For industries taxes are very low. No precedning approval needed. The company only has to report to RBI(Reserve Bank of India) within 30 days of foreign investment Labour is relatively cheaper Has enough man power Boost in the GDP in last decade ($1.31 Trillion US dollars) SocialTechnological Can decrease the unemployment in the country. Has a rapid increase in the technology in the last decade. BRAZIL Brazil is another country whose economy is boosting up. We have talked about India and China but Brazil’s economy is also rapidly increasing and currently its GDP is $1.57 Trillion US dollars (google.com) and the rate from which it is increasing is with the rate of 0.7% (tradingeconomics.com) in the last year. The government of Brazil is inviting the international business which is resulting in less employment and increase in the economy. The trading policies are also not very strict and taxes for trading are relatively low. The only issue that Elecdyne can have is Brazil is very far away from Japan and the cost in the logistics will be high. The government of Brazil also supports the FDI To see that Brazil will be a good option for Elecdyne to invest here is the pest analysis of Brazil. COUNTRY OF INVESTMENT As we have done pest analysis of 3 countries to find out that in which we have to invest and by doing that what I will recommend is to invest in India. India is one of the biggest democratic country of the world. The very first reason of doing this is the tax rate of India on the business is very low and India government is still looking for foreign companies to invest in their country and the biggest reason of doing is to decrease the unemployment from the country. Being the 2nd biggest country in the world (as far as population is concern) the employment in India is still a problem with the people of India. The only problem that Elecdyne might have in India is there is some corruption in the government. If we see into this so this may not effect Elecdyne but still there might be a possibility that this might affect the company. Another factor that India has a very low labour rate and if we compare the currency of India and Japan so there is not a very huge difference but if we comp are the currencies of other countries that we have analysed so India will be the cheapest. When it comes to logistics so the distance between the two countries is not too much. The transportation that can be used are, rail, trucks, plane etc. India is a very advance country and they also have technology and if Elecdyne need some technology they can import it without worrying of high taxes. When investing in India Elecdyne is not require to wait for a long time all they have to to do id the report to the RBI( Reserve Bank of India) just before the 30 days of investment. Since the last 6 or 7 years now the stability in India is very good and companies who have invested in India have minimize their cost and due to a huge population in India the number of buyers have increased. The biggest competitor of Elecdyne is Sony and as we discussed above that Elecdyne have to minimize the price of its products so that people prefer their products because of low price there are people in India wh o are price oriented rather than quality so in my opinion India is the best country to invest. REFERENCES Albert Humphrey (1960s) Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis (Accessed on 26th march 2011) Kotter and Schlesinger (1991), Johnson and Scholes (1993) Available at: http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/essays-and-dissertations/pest-analysis.php ( Accessed on 26th march 2011) Earthquake-report.com (2011) Available at: http://earthquake-report.com/2011/03/16/catdat-estimated-direct-loss-after-japan-tsunami-100-billion-us/ (Accessed on 26th march 2011). Wkipedia.org(2011) Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area (Accessed on 27th march 2011). Google.com(2011) Available at: http://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=wb-wdimet=ny_gdp_mktp_cdidim=country:CHNdl=enhl=enq=what+is+the+gdp+of+china (Accessed on 27th march 2011). Trading economics.com Available at: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/Economics/GDP-Growth.aspx?Symbol=CNY (Accessed on 27th march 2011) Google.com(2011) Available at: http://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=wb-wdimet=sp_pop_totlidim=country:INDdl=enhl=enq=what+is+the+population+of+india (Accessed on 27th march 2011). Google.com Available at: http://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=wb-wdimet=ny_gdp_mktp_cdidim=country:INDdl=enhl=enq=what+is+the+gdp+of+india (Accessed on 27th march 2011) Indexmudi.com Available at: http://www.indexmundi.com/india/gdp_real_growth_rate.html (Accessed on 27th march 2011) Wikipedia.com Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population (Access on 27th march 2011). Google.com Available at: http://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=wb-wdimet=ny_gdp_mktp_cdidim=country:BRAdl=enhl=enq=gdp+of+brazil (Accessed on 27th march 2011). tradingeconomics.com Available at: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/Economics/GDP-Growth.aspx?Symbol=BRL (Accessed on 27th march 2011) How to cite Strategic Analysis (SWOT and PEST) of Elecdyne, Essay examples

Macbeth Analysis Essay Thesis Example For Students

Macbeth Analysis Essay Thesis Macbeth In Shakespeares lifetime he wrote many plays. Many of them werecritically acclaimed and others cast aside. The crowd always wanted to be morethoroughly entertained and Shakespeare always tried to keep up with thepeoples needs. In 1605, Shakespeare was being hounded for another work ofgenius. Hamlet and King Lear had just been completed and the people of Englandbegged for more. He knew not of what to write and like many playwrights did someresearch. He found two stories from Hollinsheds Chronicles of England,Scotland and Ireland. Shakespeare had already taken some ideas from there forhis plays like Henry IV and Henry V. William decided to combine the reign ofMacbeth and the murder of King Duff by Donwald and his wife, altering both tosuit his needs. Macbeth is by far the shortest play that William Shakespearewrote. The main reason why this is so is not because Shakespeare did not havemuch to say, but because King James was so impatient. Macbeth was writtenbasically for the kin g. In fact, the emphasis on witchery was because King Jamesso heavily believed in sorcery. Shakespeare worried very much about the evilpowers insulting the king. After all was said and done, Macbeth was anotherbarrier to be broken in the great scheme of performances. It was an instantsuccess. King James and the court loved it along with England. No offenses weremade from Malcolm needing help from England. Shakespeare feared that James wouldbe offended by that. From that moment on Macbeth would be known by all. Yet thepeople begged for more and hoped Macbeth would be out done by another astoundingplay. Shakespeare wondered how such a task could be accomplished. What was itabout Macbeth that made it loved by everyone? Shakespeares style has beenanalyzed by many and some still can not figure it out. His poetry has influencedhis plays immensely. Apart from the fascinating characters of the two leadingroles, the plays chief attraction is it wonderful poetry. Scarcely a word iswasted, and vivid images tumble after each other in a stream of color and ideas(Ross 43). Shakespeare put great thought into what he wanted to write and hisfeelings expressed themselves through the stylistic devices of tone,characterization, and symbolism. Shakespeares characterization of Macbethexonerates the impact he had on the play. The tone in Macbeth remains sinisterand depressing throughout the play. Symbolism, on the other hand, kept thetragedy in tact, and if understood, revealed the whole play in the verybeginning of her pages. The character of Macbeth profoundly effects the play, bymeans of transpiring his actions to hurt others. If looking at thecharacteristics of good and evil, it makes the reader wonder what makes a persongood or evil. Evil is not born into people, but it is the only option they haveleft. Three features we have seen stand out clear in the general conception ofMacbeth. There is his eminently practical nature, which is the key to the whole. And the absence in him of the inner life adds two special features: one is hishelplessness under suspense, the other is the activity of his imagination withits susceptibility to supernatural terrorsHis practical power develops ascapacity for crimehis mind is as scorpions; it is tortured in restlessecstasy. Suspense has undermined his judgment and brought on him the gamblersfeverThe third feature in Macbeth is the quickening of his sensitiveness tothe supernatural side by side with the deadening of his conscienceIn thereaction from the murder of Banquo the supernatural appearance-which no eye seesbut his own-appears more real to him than the real life around him. And fromthis point he seeks the supernatural, forces it to disclose its terrors, andthrusts himself into an agonized vision of generations that are to witness thetriumph of his foes. (Moulton 335-337) Moulton knows what he is talking about. .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c , .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c .postImageUrl , .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c , .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c:hover , .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c:visited , .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c:active { border:0!important; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c:active , .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5f0fd718b2281737a333d88807fc5f9c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Effect O N Cont. Theater EssayMacbeth was heavily influenced by supernatural forces. In fact, were it not forthem he might be living a happy and content life. The witches had a profoundaffect on him. He soon found himself in a world where he wanted to know more andmore and the weird women were the only ones who could satisfy his hunger. Macbeth went from a man who served everyone but himself to a man who served onlyhimself. The one thing that Macbeth had that meant the most to him was his wife. Lady Macbeth is his world. For a man who shows so much hate, gives a lot oflove. They are one of the greatest pairs of lovers that ever existed. There is aspot where the reader can obviously pick up the dramatic change Macbeth wentthrough. Seyton: The queen, my lord, is dead. Macbeth: She should have diedhereafter; There would have been a time for such a word (Shakespeare, Act V,Scene V). His wife, his love, his world had died and he did not even care. Theway he just disregarded her lets the readers know that he is a changed man, andnot for the better. His desire to be unstoppable and all powerful was whatkilled him. His ambition clouded his once clever mind to where he could not lookpast the apparitions prophecies. From the very first words, the tone revealsitself as drab and murky. It is thundering and lightning in the very beginningand rainstorms automatically give the readers an eerie feeling. A.C. Bradleystates Darkness, we may even say blackness, broods over this tragedy. It is remarkable that almost all the scenes which at once recur to memory take placeeither at night or in some dark spot. The vision of the dagger, the murder ofDuncan, the murder of Banquo, the sleep-walking of Lady Macbeth, all come innight scenes (Bradley 266). Bradley is merely stating that the atmosphereremains uniform. There are a few places where the dreary mood is blanketed bythings that appear to be happy. When Macbeth arrives home, Lady Macbeth seems soenthusiastic to see him. She really is excited to see him, but beneath herhappiness is a plot of deceit and murder. Lady Macbeth: Your face, my thane, isas a book, where men may read strange matters:-To beguile the time, look likethe time; bear welcome in your eye, your hand, your tongue: look like theinnocent flower, but be the serpent under it (Shakespeare, Act 1, Scene III). She is telling him that his face can easily be read and that he needs to actlike normal, but underneath to be cunning. This passage takes an almost cheerymoment and takes it back to a world full of betrayal. Another place where gaietyis almost achieved is toward the very end of the book. Malcolm: We willperform in measure, time, and place: So thanks to all at once, and to each one,Whom we invite to see us crownd at Scone (Shakespeare, Act V, Scene VII). All seems merry, but if thought about it, the reader can easily see that troubleawaits. Malcolm has just defeated Macbeth. However, he did not do this all onhis own.. He had help from England in defeating. England would not send troopsin to help fight a war all for nothing. They will soon try to recaptureScotland. Therefore, the happy ending is not really going to endhappily ever after.

Vocaloid Technology and Japanese Anime Culture Essay Example For Students

Vocaloid Technology and Japanese Anime Culture Essay In modern Japan, popular musics are always related to idols as being one of the Japanese social mainstreams. For the consumers, most of the idols are popular due to their stage appearances and visual attractions rather than their musical or vocal skills. However, there is one additional technique that Japanese use to produce unique idols and tend to distinguish them from other common idols. They are manufacture idols, which are good examples of how Japanese make new innovations in their pop culture. Manufacture idols system is a combination of anime-like characters and the technology in Japan. Both of these factors are huge in Japan and are well combined in other field of works. With the great novelty and the visual attractions behind the idea, manufacture idols become very popular in Japan; and because anime and technology are two widespread cultures in Japan, their combination make the manufacture idols system carry a very uniquely Japanese style. Japan has huge technological industries as its recent technology fast developed. The Japanese are likely and even proud to use technological productions, and many of the creative ideas are based on their technology. We will write a custom essay on Vocaloid Technology and Japanese Anime Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Similarly, Manufacture idols came from a technological software called â€Å"Vocaloid†. Vocaloid is originated from the singing synthesizer system which dates back to â€Å"a research by Kelly et al in 1962 when there have been various singing synthesizers proposed since then, whether they are commercial or noncommercial† (Kenmochi, 2012). However, Kenmochi (2012) also indicates that â€Å"those singing synthesizers have not been widely used in musical creation, although some musicians experimentally utilized them in their music. Later on, Japan became one of the countries that tended to develop this type of technology. â€Å"Since 2007, there has been a big boom of musical contents using singing synthesis software especially in Japan† while â€Å"amateur musicians use singing synthesis software to create their original compositions. (Kenmochi, 2012). Vocaloid was developed by Yamaha Corporation which is a Japanese multinational corporation, and it came out as a commercial singing synthesis software and are widely used in Japan. Yet, According to Kenmochi and Ohshita’s article (2007) Vocaloid is not released by Yamaha Corp. â€Å"Yamaha licenses the technology and software to third-party companies. Those companies develop and release their own singer library bundled with the Vocaloid software. Since 2004, five products have been released with Vocaloid version 1 so far: â€Å"Leon†, â€Å"Lola†, and â€Å"Miriam† from Zero-G Limited, UK, and â€Å"Meiko† and â€Å"Kaito† from Crypton Future Media, Japan† (Kenmochi Ohshita, 2007). These first released Vocaloid characters (known as Vocaloid 1) have different voices and appearance, and they are divided to different language categories as some of them were released by the British company and others were released by the Japanese company. The voices of these characters were not completely artificial. Instead, the producers collected the sample voices from certain singers or voice actors first, and then produced the singer library. Musicians with certain musical knowledge and technique could make musics by using Vocaloid, and they could choose to make musics for certain characters based on their preference on looks or voices. Vocaloid consists of three parts. Score Editor provides an environment in which the user can input notes, lyrics, and optionally some expressions; Singer Library, mentioned previously, is a database of samples (mostly diphones) extracted from real people’s singing; and Synthesis Engine receives score information, selects necessary samples from Singer Library and concatenates them. Kenmochi Ohshita, 2007) Later on, more and more characters came out in Japan released either by companies such as Crypton Future Media or on the Internet. These new characters are known as Vocaloid 2 and the second generation of Vocaloid software, and they embodied the same technology used in Vocaloid 1. Eventually, in 2007, Vocaloid technique and its characters became a huge boom in Japanese pop culture. Many music production teams in Japan started to make songs for these characters, and these producers are known as characters’ masters. Moreover, as the first Vocaloid 2 character Hatsune Miku came out followed by various Vocaloid characters, more and more amateur musicians (especially those who like electronic musics) joined to make Vocaloid musics; more anime fans started to support such products; and more other audiences appeared to be interested in such innovations. Different characters came out with different Vocaloid software and are released by different companies and medias. The productions began to play a big role in the music market in Japan. Like Goto says in his research â€Å"As music synthesizers generating various instrumental sounds are already widely used and have become indispensable to popular music production, it is historically inevitable that singing synthesizers will become more widely used and likewise indispensable to music production† (Goto). How technology naturally involved in Japanese music is indeed incredible. As we perceive in the naming of Hatsune Miku which could translated to â€Å"the first sound from the future†, we simply discover how Japanese producers and audiences strongly pursue the advanced technology. However, the fascination of the technology is not only manifested in the scientific technique that is used in Vocaloid, but is also displayed in the way people make the anime characters doing vivid musical movements and expressions like humans. As Hatsune Miku and other Vocaloid characters were developed to music and game market, besides the technological success in some human-like elements reflected in their singing such as breathiness, portamento, etc. hey are required to have dance movements, gestures and even facial expressions. Nevertheless, as she sometimes appears in 3D image, Hatsune Miku is very different from both real humans and most of two dimensional anime figures. Thus, she is like a robot on the computer that is more likely to be stiff, and it is very hard to make her and other characters move as smooth and lively as humans or two dimensional anime characters do. Yet, creators took efforts to make their characters mimic the musical gestures and expressions of humans. .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .postImageUrl , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:hover , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:visited , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:active { border:0!important; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:active , .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua72cdfef41455d89e34d59399e918c7a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Japanese Gardens in the United States EssayFrom my perspective, this process is very similar to another scientific process relates to movements of musical robots although it is easier to make 3D characters do human-like movements than a real robot. Similar to the Vocaloid characters, Japanese also concern about the vividness among the robotic movement of musical robots. â€Å"Humanoid robots are polyvalent, and thus are perfect platforms for synthesizing the work from specialized, disparate domains. The idea is to develop a general ‘emotional intelligence’–an ability to express emotion in music as well as speech, gesture, and other modalities. (Lim, Og ata, Okuno, 2012) For instance, musical robots should imitate some natural habit of human musicians when they are playing music. â€Å"Human musicians naturally use visual cues such as eye contact and instrument movement to coordinate with fellow ensemble players, similar to conductors who use their batons to indicate beats. In fact, a study on clarinetist’s movements found that â€Å"movements related to structural characteristics of the piece (e. g. tempo)† were consistently found among player subjects. Movements included â€Å"tapping of one’s foot or the moving of the bell up and down to keep rhythm. Although we do not claim that all musicians use movements when performing, we believe that identifying common, natural gestures is a starting point to using vision as a human-robot interface. † (Lim, Mizumoto, Cahier, Otsuka, Takahashi, Komatani, Okuno, 2010). Likewise, Vocaloid characters are required to do human-like gestures when they are singing and dancing in games and perform at concerts. In this case, Japanese producers did a good job on creating dancing movements and facia l expressions for these characters by using advanced animation technology. They led the Vocaloid character (especially Hatsune Miku) to be on the stage like real idols by using the advanced 3D technology, and unfolded the vivid impressions of characters before their audiences’ eyes. â€Å"Although Hatsune Miku is a virtual singer, she has already had live concerts with human musicians in Japan, USA, and Singapore† (Goto). Although these characters have not reached the state of doing movements and expressions exactly the same as real humans, they appeal to their consumers very positively for their almost lively human-like characteristics. Moreover, the advanced animation technique in Japan definitely helps Japanese producers approach the goal, as the anime culture being one of the most popular social phenomenons in Japan’s market. Vocaloid characters are popular not only because of their unique singing style that is distinguished from humans’ voices, but also because of their anime appearance. For example, Hatsune Miku, the most representative Vocaloid character in Japan, was actually just a simple print on the Vocaloid software package at the beginning. However, such simple illustration has enough visual attractions to Japanese due to Japan’s widespread anime culture. Before games and concerts of Vocaloid characters came out, people had very few information about these characters. The only information they gained was the characters’ personalities which is portrayed in some typical published songs written by these characters’ â€Å"masters†. Therefore, amateur anime artists made videos of characters dancing and singing, and sometimes they tended to post their work on some popular website in Japan. People draw and post different illustrations of Hatsune Miku. Then people started to create videos, such as promotion videos for musicians, with such original songs and drawings. Some people even create 3D models of Hatsune Miku and create 3D animation videos. † (Hamasaki, Takeda, Nishimura, 2008). Apparently, it was not the production companies who promoted the idea of making the characters visually alive; it was the audiences who involved into animation works and advanced computer technology at first. Such phenomenon reflects that how Japanese, especially the younger generation, are highly involved in modern technology and animation as two of their social mainstreams. After such a huge impact happened to the consumers of Vocaloid characters, many more corporations and companies were involved to various productions of making animation images of Vocaloid characters. Some game companies such as PENTA and Tones Studio made Hatsune Miku a game character or made her sing one of the background songs in the games. Other CD company such as Frontier Works recorded some old songs, but some of them were sung by Hatsune Miku. Additionally, as more and more people continue using Vocaloid characters to sing their favorite or original songs, some amateur singers even sing the characters’ original songs and post them online. The website that receives most of these posts is called Nico Nico Douga, which is the most popular video sharing website in Japan. The websites’ basic service mostly resembles that of YouTube, besides most of the posts are animation work as â€Å"Douga† means animation in Japanese. What is more interesting than YouTube, is that â€Å"a user can add comments about a specific playback time at a specific position in the video which gives people a sense of sharing the viewing experience virtually. Furthermore, the creator can instantly know which specific moment or specific scene is appreciated by a viewer† (Hamasaki, Takeda, Nishimura, 2008). Videos relates to Vocaloid stuff are usually categorized as â€Å"hot topic† on this website. Such popularity on an animation website implies that Vocaloid system manifests the interaction between audiences and Japanese anime culture. Moreover, Characters like Hatsune Miku are always engaged with Japanese anime culture even they do not have any story or background. Anime fans can easily create stories, images and even personality for them according to the contexts among their well-known songs. â€Å"voice-generating software called Vocaloid, which makes anime-like songs in the voice of an imaginary character called Hatsune Miku (lit. â€Å"first sound of the future†), inspired fans to develop images, stories and videos around the synthetic voice. .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .postImageUrl , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:hover , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:visited , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:active { border:0!important; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:active , .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b7866e8ca6348177d28302e26bb228f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Today, Telecommunications Technology Affects Lives To A Greater Degree EssayThere is even a blog that tracks the best fan-made music videos featuring this character† (Condry, 2009). Such enthusiasm among anime fans reflects the connection between Hatsune Miku and Japanese anime culture. In Japan, it is very common to consider a virtual idol like Hatsune Miku as popular even though she does not have any musical or vocal skill. Japanese audiences always have obsessions with visual attractions. Not every idol have to be good at singing or instruments, but popular idols are always good-looking, cute or sexually attractive. Hatsune Miku, with cute anime looking, is attractive to a lot of Japanese heterosexual male fans. However, as she being an anime character, she is still different from other living idols. For one thing, Hatsune Miku is never separated from the engagement with the consumers. To be more specific, living idols engage with their audiences when they perform on the stage or acting certain roles, but they separate from their public images when they come back to their private life. â€Å"stars have an existence in the world independent of their screen/ â€Å"fiction† appearances, it is possible to believe. hat as people they are more real than characters in the stories. † (Dyer, 1998) On the contrary, as a virtual character as most of anime characters are, Hatsune Miku has devoted everything to her fans. She does everything that satisfies her consumers and keeps her pure and ideal image. Such characteristic is very common in Japanese anime culture and is quite fascinating for a nime fans and especially for otaku. â€Å"Otaku, which translates to the English term nerd, was a slang term used by amateur manga artists and fans themselves in the 1980s to describe weirdos (henjin). The original meaning of otaku is your home and, by association, you, yours, and home (Kinsella, 1998). When normal anime fans like to talk to each other about their common interests, anime otaku people prefer just engaging with two dimensional or virtual anime characters. Although otaku culture is strange from an American perspective, it is still somehow considered as a symbol of contemporary Japanese society, as it reflects a popular phenomenon in Japanese younger generation. Otaku came to represent a younger generation so intensely individu-alistic they had become dysfunctional, a generation of ‘isolated people who no longer have any sense of isolation. ’ The dysfunctionality of otaku proved the unhealthy nature of individualistic lifestyles† (Kinsella, 1998). In this case, Vocaloid characters are tied to otaku culture because of their two dimensional or virtual images. â€Å"the virtual idols very clearly ties together the otaku obsession with computer technolo gy, animation technology, robotic or otherwise artificial bodies and the kind of femininity presented by the living idol† (Black, 2012). Male anime otaku are usually obsessed with bishojo(pretty girls in Japanese) in animation works like Hatsune Miku, because â€Å"the virtual idol can satisfy fan desires in the way that living idols can not† (Black, 2012) Thus, Vocaloid certainly has an attractions towards anime fans and otaku, which can be another engagement between Vocaloid and anime culture. On the other hand, for anime fans or even other audiences, the gender interpretation appears to be more ideal on virtual characters. Choo mentioned that anime girls are more ideal with big eyes and smooth skin, and sometimes they involve in sexualized images in the contexts. In addition, anime boys are more attractive for female consumers because of their slim bodies and pretty faces (Choo, 2008). Therefore, with the same gender oriented attraction, Vocaloid characters gain more attentions from their heterosexual fans, and have more advantages because of their anime imagery. In conclusion, Vocaloid is an extremely representative symbol of Japanese pop culture. Among many music forms in Japan, Vocaloid music reflects how Japanese is good at making innovations, as they blend advanced cyber technology and Japanese anime culture. However, the novelty inside this music form is explicit not only due to the genius combination, but also due to the reactions from the Japanese consumers. As we watch Hatsune Miku’s 3D image dancing on the stage with hundred thousands of living fans, we can simply realize how Japanese audiences support their technology and anime culture. Bibliography: Black, D. (2012). The Virtual Idol: Producing and Consuming Digital Femininity.Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture, 209. Choo, K. (2008). Girls Return Home: Portrayal of Femininity in Popular Japanese Girls’ Manga and Anime Texts during the 1990s in Hana yori Dango and Fruits Basket.  Women: a cultural review,  19(3), 275-296. Condry, I. (2009). Anime Creativity Characters and Premises in the Quest for Cool Japan.  Theory, Culture Society,  26(2-3), 139-163. Dyer, R., McDonald, P. (1998).  Stars. BFI Pub.. Page 8. Goto, M. Grand Challenges in Music Information Research}}.  Multimodal Music Processing},  3, 217-226. IEEE. Hamasaki, M., Takeda, H., Nishimura, T. (2008, October). Network analysis of massively collaborative creation of multimedia contents: case study of hatsune miku videos on nico nico douga. In  Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Designing interactive user experiences for TV and video  (pp. 165-168). ACM. Kenmochi, H. (2012, March). Singing synthesis as a new musical instrument. In  Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2012 IEEE International Conference on  (pp. 5385-5388). IEEE. Kenmochi, H., Ohshita, H. (2007). Vocaloid–commercial singing synthesizer based on sample concatenation.  Proc. Interspeech 2007, 4011-4010. Kinsella, S. (1998). Japanese subculture in the 1990s: Otaku and the amateur manga movement.  Journal of Japanese Studies, 289-316. Lim, A., Mizumoto, T., Cahier, L. K., Otsuka, T., Takahashi, T., Komatani, K., Okuno, H. G. (2010, October). Robot musical accompaniment: integrating audio and visual cues for real-time synchronization with a human flutist. InIntelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on  (pp. 1964-1969). Lim, A., Ogata, T., Okuno, H. G. (2012). Towards expressive musical robots: a cross-modal framework for emotional gesture, voice and music.  EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing,  2012(1), 3.

Behind Bars essays

Behind Bars essays Capital punishment, better known as the death penalty, is a sentence for many of today ¡s murderers. The death penalty is the most effective way to punish a murderer spite the contradictions of life without parole. The death penalty also is fairer to the victims and their families. It is sometimes less expensive, and does not give the killer a second chance to be back out on the streets. To dispute contrary belief, there is not a very big risk of wrongful death. On the down side there are also morality and Christianity factor involved with the penalty. The death penalty is fairer to the victim and the families of the victim. In a homicide the right to live has been taken away by the murderer. No victim has ever said,  ¡kill me I want to die. ¡ Therefore, it is only proper and fair to the killer to have his life taken away also. Morality also plays a big part in the right of a murderer. Morality is defined as the principles of right and wrong. As human beings, we deserve the right praise of the good deeds accomplished and punishment for the wrong doings. Punishment can range from being yelled at to the death penalty depending on the seriousness of the crime. In the United States if one is sentenced to murder, he or she is actually getting off lighter than in other countries. There are five methods of execution used in the United States: lethal injection, electrocution, lethal gas, hanging, and the use of a firing squad. Lethal injection is when a criminal is given a lethal dose of an anesthetic. During this process the victim dies of respiratory and cardiac arrest while he or she is asleep.  ¡The second method used is electrocution. There is an initial blast of 2,300 volts lasting for eight seconds. Followed by a low-voltage jolt of 1000 volts for twenty-two seconds and finally a jolt of 2,300 volts for eight seconds. The murderer is diagnosed unconscious immediately, or within the first eight s...

Study Skills for Intermediate Level Language Learners

Study Skills for Intermediate Level Language Learners Learning any language takes practice - lots of practice! Often, its difficult to know what you should practice. Should you watch a video? Perhaps, it would be a good idea to do a few quizzes. Of course, you should try to speak English with your friends. All of these are great ideas, but its also important to build a routine. A routine will help you make studying English a habit. Thats the best way to improve your English! Make Learning a Habit Its important to be exposed to many different areas every day. However, you shouldnt try to study too many different subjects. These suggestions take a short listening and reading as the basis for daily practice. You are trying to learn many new things, so dont try to learn too much in any one area too quickly! Practice Routine Listen - 15 minutes: You can enhance your listening skills through specific strategies.Read - 15 minutes: Choose a subject you like to read about and read for fun.Improve your vocabulary - 10 minutes: Take five minutes to write down all the new words you find in your listening and reading exercises. Keep a notebook, and write in the translation in your native language.Grammar - 10 minutes: Think about what you are studying in English class (if you are taking it). Or, if you are studying by yourself, take out your grammar book and find one grammar point to review. Take a quick look at the grammar and then think about the listening and your reading. Did you hear or read these forms? How were they used?Speaking - 5 minutes: It is very important to move your mouth and speak! Even if you only speak to yourself. Take five minutes and speak out loud (not silently). Try to quickly summarize what you listened to and what you read. Can you do it? Of course, its better if you can do this with a friend. Find a friend and study together a few times a week. You can practice together. Thats it! Approximately 45 minutes a day, every day - or at least four times a week! If you continue to do this, you will be surprised at how quickly your English improves!

Research method information system security management Essay

Research method information system security management - Essay Example Thus, the hypothesis made by Galton was positive, logical, and even refutable, but not strictly scientifically testable. 2. a. The hypothesis can be tested with the help of tomography, scanning the active parts of the brain, when individuals look at various colors. It is also known that colors have more than hundred of shadows. Males and females may be asked to sort cards of different shadows of colors. The experiments afford an objective and public demonstration. c. The hypothesis may be tested with the help of correlational method, and it can be refuted by another scientist. However, the statistics won’t show the real picture in this case, while there is a great amount of variables. So in fact, the hypothesis cannot be called really testable. 3. a. The best way is empirical, simply to see the instructor. Authority – I was told that the instructor is male; his personal documents show that he is male. Rational – the name Jason Daniels points to the fact that the instructor should be male. c. Empirical method is to ask the student about his/her age. You can also consult the papers or ask the teacher – authority. The first method is quicker; the second one can turn out to be more reliable. e. If you do not believe the authorities, who have informed you that Tommy won’t be permitted to ride the roller coaster, the empirical experience (the failure to do it) will certainly convince you of the truth of this statement. f. First we use rational method and count. If you cannot count yet, you may ask the seller or somebody, who can count, thus turning to the authority. Then you may check it empirically and try to by 4 CD’s, thus you will get the best demonstration. 6. The fact that buttered bread always lands butter side down is well known. However, it can be checked empirically. For the purity of the experiment it is preferable to take several slices of

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Legality of professional boxing - Essay Example Key focus is laid on professional boxing, with the current set of safety measures placed in consideration. The paper will source t support from future litigation involving the complaints associated to the brutal nature of the sport. Various sporting events source contrivances over their legality, and the ethical attributions accorded unto them. Boxing is amongst the most controversial sporting events in the history of recreation. The sport involves the utilization of fists over the opponent in a scenario akin to a fight. The difference between the two is the restrictions and the rules invoked in boxing. Additionally, boxing involves the utilization of officiating officers who oversees its success. However, the rest of the aspects of boxing may be confused to those of a fight with ease. There exists a sense of bad blood between rivals, a factor that fuels the energy witnessed in a match. Professional boxing, commonly referred to as PRO boxing has attracted an increased number of inter ests from the legal dimensions. This focuses on both its legality and the safety of the participants. However, prior to examining these interests, it is vital to examine the opinions shared by other partisans over the matter. This is because legal concerns are built from such interests. On this regard, the art of boxing invokes considerable number of support, as well as loathers in almost equal proportions. There are various reasons that explain this development. Amongst them is the central purpose of any sporting event. Analysis Sports are meant for recreation based effects, as well as physical fitness.1 While viewed from that dimension, boxing promotes this understanding via all of its aspects. The participants engage into rounds of action that help them keep fit. On the other hand, the fans utilize the moment for their recreation gains by enjoying each occasion. Under professional settings, the boxers enjoy earnings in as a supplement to their performance. PRO boxing is a real ca reer that can see the participants lead a successful life. The earnings coupled to the fights make the boxers adjust their lifestyles to a flamboyant one, while still boasting of fans under their names. Their determination that sees them several rounds of senseless thumbing may be echoed as a source of motivation to the respective fans. Boxers can thus be viewed as outstanding role models to the society. This, while coupled with their fame in the ring, assists to elevate their legacy in the glimmer of their fans, as well as the general public. Subsequently, boxing as a profession offers wide opportunities to make global tours. This can be utilized in funding other campaigns that steers towards unifying the community and eliminating various vices that affect certain communities. Some boxing tournaments may be established in support of certain ambitions for the welfare of the marginalized. This helps unite communities, as well as upraise the marginalized communities. Another vital con sideration in the field of boxing is the self will deployed in the acquisition of pugilists.2 This reflects on the understanding that the boxers are recruited into a combat by their own free will. The legal restrictions accorded to this process only focus on the age of the recruit. This is in accordance to the specification of the responsible country of citizenship. In a majority of the cases, eighteen is the ultimate age upon

Potential Conclusions or Hypotheses Essay Example for Free

Potential Conclusions or Hypotheses Essay Based on my knowledge of differences between the north and south, I would say that there are a variety of cultural differences that lead to the discrepancy in physical activity levels. Additionally, I have found that there are a number of factors that affect an individual’s physical activity level. Therefore, I believe that there is not one single cause lying behind the different activity levels in northern and southern states. Instead, this is a complex issue that arises from urban/rural areas, educational activities, team sports environments, and socioeconomic factors. Supporting Argument for the Thesis In order to determine the validity of this thesis, much more information is needed. First, I would need more detailed statistics for each of these states, with physical activity levels sorted by county (with the county’s population to determine urban/rural environment), race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors. Second, I would need information about public information campaigns that have dispersed information about the national recommended physical activity level. Is the importance of physical activity being taught in schools? Which counties/school districts have daily physical education classes? Third, I would need more information about the availability of team sports: which sports are available, which age groups are targeted, how much do these sports cost? Fourth, I would need information about the incidence of obesity and overweight for these states in order to determine whether residents of these states are in general more health conscious. Excess weight might also prevent people from wanting to engage in physical activity. Finally, I would need information about the availability of facilities for adults. How many parks and gyms are available? What do these facilities cost? These types of information would certainly support my thesis that there are a variety of factors that lead to the discrepancy in physical activity levels between northern and southern states.

Legalizing Drug Use Essay example -- Philosophy, Marx, Mill, Locke

The arguments that I have just laid out are not perfect and they have some apparent flaws that some philosophers would strongly disagree with, while there are other arguments that some of the great philosophers would agree with. I will critique the arguments that I have just laid out using the perspective of three different philosophers who all have their own ideas of how the state should function and the role of the citizen. The three philosophers that I will use in this critique will be Karl Marx, John Stewart Mill, and John Locke. The reason why I picked these three philosophers is because they all agree with some aspects of my writing, while disagreeing with others. One will disagree with the role of the state and the citizens, but agree with legalizing recreational drug use, while the other two will agree with the role of the state and citizens, but disagree with legalizing drug use. Karl Marx is the philosopher who would disagree with many of the arguments that I presented above. The reason why Marx would disagree with so many of my arguments is because he is a strong believer of the state being in charge of society and having complete control over the citizens. In the society that I created, it is largely a free society where the people are in charge of their actions and the government has a limited role in the daily transactions that are occurring between citizens. Marx would believe that in my society where there are different social classes, these classes would always be in a battle with one another and will be exploiting the lower class so they can make a bigger profit. In my society where the political economy is capitalism, there will be a wide variety of incomes. Some citizens will have more smarts, other... ...vious philosophers have showed that there are some minor critiques on my theory; however the general theories and principles are generally accepted and promoted in the writings of Marx, Mill, and Locke. Marx was the only one who would agree with the legalization of recreational drug use, while Mill and Locke would not have been in favor of it because of the harm it would likely cause to other people who would be involved by the use of these drugs. In regards to the function of the state, Mill and Locke would have agreed with my writing because the state is limited and the citizens are free to do as they wish as long as they do not interfere with other citizens rights. Marx would not have agreed with this because his philosophy of the state is communism. The three of these philosophers all agreed on certain aspects and disagreed on other aspects of my writing.

Land And Water Pollution Essay

Major types of water pollution Organic wastes that is largely untreated human waste, sewage, and industrial waste from processing various food roducts, from the pulp and paper industry, and from animal feedlots. Inorganic pollutans that is salt brines, acids, phospates, heavy metals, asbestos, PCBs, radioactive chemicals. Land Pollution Toxic substances Hazardous or toxic substances are those that can cause an increase in mortality rates or irreversible or incapacitating illness or those that have other seriously adverse health or environmental effects. Toxic substances that have been released on land include acidic chemicals, inorganic metals (such as mercury or arsenic) flammable solvents, pesticides, herbicides, phenols, explosives, and so on. For example benzene is a common industrial chemical that is also used in plastics, as well as dyes, nylon, food additives, detergents, drugs, fungicides, and gasoline. Benzene is a toxic and can cause of a anemia, bone marrow damage, and leukimia. Studies have shown that benzene workers are several times more likely than the general population to get leukimia. Solid wastes come from residential garbage, industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, mining wastes. The most common one we usually meet is residential garbage. Only about a third residential wastes are recovered through recycling. A low proportion that is due to the lack of financial backing for recycling operations, the small size of markets for recycled products, and toxic chemicals present in recyclable garbage. City garbage dumps are significant sources of pollution, containing toxic substances such as cadmium (from rechargeable battery), mercury, lead (from car battery, and TV pictures tube), vanadium, copper, zinc, and PCBs. Nuclear wastes Light water nuclear reactors contain radioactive materials, includeing known carcinogens such as strontiums 90, cesium 137, barium 140, and iodine 131. Extremely high levels of radiaton from these elements can kill a person, lower dosages (especially if radioactives dust particles are inhaled or ingested) can cause thyroid, lung, or bone cancer as well as genetic damage that will be transmitted to future generations. Depletion of Species and Habitats Human activity has rendered dozens of plants and animal species extinct. Since 1600 at least 96 known pecies of mammals and 88 major identifiable species of birds are known to have become extinct. Several hundred more species such as whales and salmon today find themselves threatened by commercial fishing. Forest habitats on which the bulk of species depend are also being decimated by the timber industry. Depletion of Fossil Fuels Until the early 1980s, fossil fuels were being depleted at an exponentially rising rate. That is, the rate at which they were being used had doubled with the passage of a regular fixed time period. Some early predictions of resources depletion assumed that fossil fuels would contiinue to be depleted at these exponentially rising rates. If continued, an exponentially rising rate of depletion would end with the complete and catastrophic depletion of the resource in a relatively short time. Estimated world resources of coal would be depleted in about 100years, estimated world reserves of oil would be exhausted in about 40years and estimated reserves of natural gas would last only about 25years. Depletion of Minerals If earlier exponentially rsing rates of depletion continued then alumunium would have been scheduled for exhaustion in the year 2003, iron in 2025, manganese in 2018, molybdenum in 2006, nickel in 2025, tungsten in 2000, zine in 1990, and copper and lead in 1993. World resources are also limited, and the depletion rates of the world’s supplies of minerals will also eventually peak and then gradually decline as remaining supplies become harder and more expensive to mine. The precise impact the limitation of worlds supplies will have on us exceedingly difficult to predict. Miningtechnologies may continue to develop , which will reduce the difficulty and cost of mineral extraction and extend the period of decline. This has in fact been the case for most mineras up to the present. Increased recycling may reduce the need for intensive mining of remaining minerals reserves. Substitutes may be found for many of the minerals whose supply is limited, and technological development may make many current uses of these  minerals obsolete.

MCHC Paper

Perhaps what he as most well known for is the fact that he performed many late-term abortions on these women. Late term abortions are heavily criticized and debated throughout the world today and thus, he received much scrutiny, eventually paving the road for his future (Masters, 2013). Late term abortions are those that take place late into the term of the woman's pregnancy and can be done as late as 35 weeks into a pregnancy. The process for these types of abortions is very graphic: a lethal dose of Dioxin, a heart medicine, is injected into the heart of the baby in the amniotic fluid through the woman's abdomen.This causes the baby to have a earth attack and die. Labor is then induced and the woman gives birth too non-living child (Operation Rescue, 2013). Connell was performing what many people refer to as partial birth abortions. This is when the baby is born and then essentially killed. This raised a lot of issues, most notably whether he was performing abortions of committing murder. Most people believed that this type of abortion was occurring well past the, â€Å"gray area,† of whether the fetus is a living being or not.There were also some issues on whether the clinic that he was running was legitimate. These started to take shape when an untrained and unlicensed clinic worker gave Ackermann Monger, a woman who came into Counsel's clinic in 2009, an overdose of painkillers, which caused Monger to die (Who is Connell? , 2014). Abortion and the notions of Pro-Choice and Pro-Life are very' important topics in the world today, both politically and religiously, thus Connell and his actions were highly criticized which in turn led to his rise in fame.Connell has had many prior complaints starting in 1 989 and the FBI eventually brought his actions to light after a raid of his clinic in 2010. The raid was performed to investigate suspected illegal drug use at Counsel's Lenin, which was called Women's Medical Society. When the clinic was raided, they a lso discovered unsanitary conditions throughout the facility, use of untrained staff, and use of powerful drugs without proper medical supervision and control (Williams, 2013).Connell was arrested in January Of 2011 and he was charged seven counts Of first degree murder, which was reduced to four at trial, one count of third degree murder, for the death of Monger, infanticide, which was dismissed at trial, five counts of abusing a corpse, also dismissed at trial, multiple counts of conspiracy, criminal solicitation and violation of state law that forbids abortions after the 24th week of a pregnancy (Sullivan, 2013).Connell also received some non-murder charges ranging from 24 counts of violating Pennsylvania Abortion Act by performing illegal third-trimester abortions, 227 counts of violating a twenty-four hour waiting period requirement and failing to counsel patients (Sullivan, 2013). Connell violated many moral and ethical principles during his time as a doctor. First and foremos t is personality. Connell had no remorse for human life and did not treat it as sacred or special when he murdered children post birth. Next is demonology and beneficence.Connell failed to do what was best for his patients because if he would have done so he would have not only counseled the mothers, but would have never hurt those babies. Connell was also in violation of non-malfeasance because failed in his mission to do no harm to his patients. While he may not have harmed most of the mothers, the babies that these women were having were certainly harmed. He failed to realize the teleology Of the acts that he Was performing and did not realize the ultimate consequences of his actions. Perhaps his biggest ethical violation was the lack of respect that he showed towards all of is patients.Connell performed these medical acts in unsanitary conditions and enlisted the help of unqualified people. His biggest lack of respect was that of human life. He allowed those mothers to give birt h to their babies and then he proceeded to kill them by snipping their spinal cord through the neck. My opinion on abortion is simple. I do not support it and I am one hundred percent pro life. This may be because both of my parents share the same views as I do and I come from a traditionally republican family, but it is my belief that human life is sacred and is a special gift from God.Thus, it is to be treated as such and an abortion is a violation of that belief. In my opinion, human life begins at the moment of conception so an abortion is a clear ending of that life. Another factor in my opinion of abortion could also branch from my Catholic background, I have gone to catholic schools since preschool and continue my catholic enrichment here at Gowned Mercy and it is also the catholic position on abortion to be pro life. In my opinion, what Connell did was horrible and a clear violation of human rights. He is right where he belongs, which is in prison serving a life sentence. No t even begin to think of a reason that he may have for doing what he did. His actions were morally and ethically wrong and luckily he is now paying the price for them. Connell is essentially a murderer and violated state abortion laws countless times in his medical career. In no way, shape, or form is what he did correct, he lost sight Of the importance of life a performed unforgivable actions. Whether it was out of greed, or whether he thought what he was doing was right, Connell deserves the punishment that has been given to him. Works Cited Masters, Teresa (March 19, 2013).

Formal and Informal Communication Essays

Formal and Informal Communication Essays Formal and Informal Communication Paper Formal and Informal Communication Paper Formal and Informal Communication in Health and Social Care Informal communication is used between people who know each other well, for example friends and family. Friends and family may use jargon between one another that others would not understand, therefore wouldnt be suitable to use with other people, such as slang words only used locally, which someone from another part of the country may not understand. Very informal language would be inappropriate to use in many health and social care settings, such as in a doctors surgery, as this would create communication barriers between yourself and the patient, and you may come across as impolite. For example, it would be acceptable when a patient enters a doctors office for the doctor to greet them formally, address them as Mr or Mrs, and shake their hand in a respectable tone at a volume that is not too quiet for the patient to hear, but not too loud that you are shouting at them. If, when the patient entered the room, the doctor said Alright mate hows it going? It would not be surprising if the patient was taken aback, and offended at the doctors speech. In addition to the use of informal language possibly being seen as impolite, using slang/jargon with someone from another country, who may not speak English as their first language, could also create language barriers between the two of you. The person may feel uncomfortable as they do not understand what you are saying and there could be misunderstandings and misinterpretations of what is being said. Formal communication is used in many health and social care situations, as it is understood by the majority of people and usually doesnt create communication barriers in the ways which other forms of communication, such as informal language, might do. Formal communication shows respect to the people you are communicating with. When someone enters a reception desk, for example in a day care facility, we expect to be greeted politely. If we were greeting with something like what do you want then it would cause offense and would be seen as very rude. : However, the degree of how formal the language is differs between the situation in which it is being used in, and the care worker must adjust the way they are speaking depending on which situation they are in. If someone speaks too formally they may put the person they are talking to on edge and make them feel uncomfortable, but if someone is being spoken to too informally, then they may feel as if they are not being taken seriously or being respected.

The John Peter Zenger Trial

The John Peter Zenger Trial John Peter Zenger was born in Germany in 1697. He immigrated to New York with his family in 1710. His father died during the voyage, and his mother, Joanna, was left to support him and his two siblings. At the age of 13, Zenger was apprenticed for eight years to the prominent printer William Bradford who is known as the pioneer printer of the middle colonies. They would form a brief partnership after the apprenticeship before Zenger decided to open his own printing shop in 1726. When Zenger would be later brought to trial, Bradford would remain neutral in the case.   Zenger Approached by Former Chief Justice Zenger was approached by Lewis Morris, a chief justice who had been removed from the bench by Governor William Cosby after he ruled against him. Morris and his associates created the â€Å"Popular Party† in opposition to Governor Cosby and needed a newspaper to help them spread the word. Zenger agreed to print their paper as the New York Weekly Journal. Zenger Arrested for Seditious Libel At first, the governor ignored the newspaper which made claims against the governor including his having arbitrarily removed and appointed judges without consulting the legislature. However, once the paper began to grow in popularity, he decided to put  a stop to it.  Zenger was arrested and a formal charge of seditious libel was made against him on November 17, 1734. Unlike today where libel is only proven when the published information is not only false but intended to harm the individual, libel at this time was defined as holding the king or his agents up to public ridicule. It did not matter how true the printed information was. Despite the charge, the governor was unable to sway a grand jury. Instead, Zenger was arrested based on prosecutors’ â€Å"information,† a way to circumvent the grand jury. Zengers case was taken before a jury. Zenger Defended by Andrew Hamilton Zenger was defended by Andrew Hamilton, a Scottish lawyer who would eventually settle in Pennsylvania. He was not related to Alexander Hamilton. However, he was important in later Pennsylvania history, having helped design Independence Hall. Hamilton took the case on pro bono. Zengers original lawyers had been stricken from the attorneys list due to the corruption that surrounded the case. Hamilton was able to successfully argue to the jury that Zenger was allowed to print things as long as they were true. In fact, when he was not allowed to prove that the claims were true through evidence, he was able to eloquently argue to the jury that they saw the evidence in their everyday lives and therefore didnt need additional proof. Results of the Zenger Case The result of the case did not create a legal precedent because a jury’s verdict does not change the law. However, it had a huge impact on the colonists who saw the importance of a free press to hold the government power in check. Hamilton was lauded by New York colonial leaders for his successful defense of Zenger. Nonetheless, individuals would continue to be punished for publishing information harmful to the government until state constitutions and later the US Constitution in the Bill of Rights would guarantee a free press. Zenger continued to publish the New York Weekly Journal until his death in 1746. His wife continued to publish the paper after his death. When his eldest son, John, took over the business he only continued to publish the paper for three more years.

Summary Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Summary - Case Study Example The main issues that are addressed as far as the issue of insurance is concerned are the aspects of provision of healthcare especially on the emergency department and the provision of emergency services. This research established that up to 40% decline in the emergency department visits as well as a 61% decrease in the inpatient admissions was attributable to the lack of insurance cover. This paper borrows from other research work in order to establish credibility and coherence with the findings from other works. Some of the findings have indicated that up to a quarter of all the young adults in the United States were confronted with lack of health insurance at this stage. The use of healthcare facilities has also been strongly linked with the subscription to medical insurance services. The individuals that have the cover have the highest propensity to consume health services. This means that the unsecured would have adopted a different healthcare scheme if they had a healthcare insurance cover. This paper explores the quasi-experimental status that results to variations in the status of insurance services depending on the strategies that are utilized by the insurers in ensuring that the dependents are eligible for the insurance services. The research to establish these variations was based on records obtained from California, Arizona, Iowa, New Jersey, and Wisconsi n for the emergency department. On the other hand, the records for hospital admission were obtained from hospitals in the above areas plus also Texas. In the attempt to establish the health insurance variations, data was gathered from various centers. This data was mainly obtained from the National Health Interview Survey, the inpatient hospitalization records, and administrative records relating to emergency department records. The obtained data was related to a model in order to demonstrate the relationship between the utilization of care and the provision of health insurance. The model

Oil Discovery and its effect on democratic growth in Ghana Essay

Oil Discovery and its effect on democratic growth in Ghana - Essay Example Over the last decade, oil explorations in the Atlantic Ocean off to the coast of Western and Southern Africa have ushered the region of Sub-Saharan Africa into an oil boom. There was a rapid incursion of multinational oil companies from around the world seeking to exploit these untouched oil reserves (Jerome 9). This oil boom has given Sub-Saharan countries such as Nigeria, Angola and Sudan great opportunity to turn their situations upside down and steer their country towards a better future. However, in the midst of this great opportunity rest numerous pathologies such as high level of corruption, high risks of civil war, low prevalence of democracy, high poverty rates and poor economic growth (Jerome 9). Thus, the ensuing years of the oil boom was marked by a drastic realization for these countries. When Ghana gained its independence in 1957 from the British, it had one of the strongest economies in Africa. However, years after it gained its independence, numerous domestic problems have caused the economy to drop and further decline till the year 1980. For more than 15 years, Ghana was able to slowly recover through economic reforms and Ghana is now considered as one of the Africa’s brightest prospects. However, what made Ghana attain such status quo is the recent oil discovery in offshore Tan/West Cape three Points Basin in the Western Region of Ghana. Oil companies who led the explorations were Kosmos Energy of US and Tullow Oil of UK under the supervision of Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC). In an instant, Ghana joined the ranks of its fellow African countries who are also producing oil and it is also expected that for the next two decades, billions of pounds and dollars are expected to pour in Ghana (Lerrick 7). Unfortunately, the excitement did not last long for the people. Once the jubilation was over, people begin to wonder whether it is really oil that their economy needs in order to achieve its goal. Ghanaian

Peacekeeping and Collective Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Peacekeeping and Collective Security - Essay Example If the UN is to maintain its credibility, he says, it has to conserve its resources--unless its members are prepared to approach peacekeeping in a more serious and generous spirit. On May 13th Mr Boutros Ghali told the Security Council that it was impractical to send UN peacekeepers to Bosnia while the war there was still pursued with such ferocity. If the council members wanted to intervene, they should not try to do so on the cheap; they would have to consider sending in tens of thousands of troops equipped with offensive capability. Even if they opted, at this stage, only for armed escorts to protect the relief convoys, they would have to think along similarly expansive lines; a convoy led by the UN had been brutally ambushed by Muslim militiamen. But the council, ignoring his warning, voted two days later for the provision of armed escorts without going into their military needs. The new secretary-general, who for many years was the eminence grise of Egyptian foreign policy, is not a table-thumper, a politician or even a good speaker. But he is beginning to show a sure touch and may be less worried than his predecessor about making enemies. One sign of this is his readiness to accuse the council of telling him to find people to do difficult and dangerous things without giving them the wherewithal to do them. He believes that when regional groups are strong, as the European Community supposedly is, they should work more consistently to bring about a peace. The UN peacekeeping operation is kept permanently and humiliatingly on the verge of bankruptcy. If the Security Council insists on sending a force into Bosnia without adequate political and military backing, the result on the ground could be a cruel farce. The background to Mr Boutros Ghali's caution is that the newly assertive ambassadors at the Security Council, unlocked from American-Soviet rivalry, are trying to do something exciting, but they are doing it by stealth rather than accepting that there may have to be changes in approach. The argument for stealth is that pragmatism works; attempts to bring the changes into daylight could open a box of troubles. One of the troubles is the membership of the council itself: the five permanent members are the victors of the Second World War. Japan, murmuring from the outside, wants to join the permanent five by the time the UN has its 50th anniversary in 1995. More important, the new peacekeeping operations exploding around the council's head are no longer of the traditional kind and do not necessarily call for traditional answers, let alone traditional fund-raising. That the UN charter makes no mention of peacekeeping'' is handy since it lets members be inventive in stretching the international peace and security'' criterion. Iraq's invasion of Kuwait was exceptional in being the type of conflict the charter writers had in mind. Most of the conflicts with which the UN is now involved are civil or ethnic--domestic matters into which the Security Coun

Case Study of DFA and NFA Implementation

Case Study of DFA and NFA Implementation Muhammad Danial Waseem Hania Farooq Table of Contents (Jump to) Digital Social Media Popular Social Media Tools and Platforms Blogs Face book WhatsApp Viber Twitter YouTube Flickr Instagram LinkedIn Groups Vimeo STATE 1 (login state) Regular expression for the state 1 (After login ) Regular expression for the state 2 Combined automata Table (3) Transition table for combined states of facebook Scenario 2 Language Automata Transition table: Scenario 3 Language References References of Images List of Figures Figure 1- Types of social media Figure 2- Automata of first state of facebook Figure 3- Automata of second state of facebook Figure 4- combined state of facebook Figure 5- Screenshots of Whats App Figure 6- Automata of Whats App Figure 7- Screenshots of Viber Figure 8- Automata of viber Introduction Digital Social Media Digital Social media refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create, share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks. The Office of Digital Communication manages the main Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Foursquare, YouTube and Vimeo accounts. Furthermore, social media depend on mobile and web-based technologies to create highly interactive platforms through which individuals and communities share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content. They introduce substantial and pervasive changes to communication between organizations, communities, and individuals.These changes are the focus of the emerging field of  technoself  studies. Social media are different from traditional or industrial media in many ways, including quality, reach, frequency, usability, immediacy, and permanence Diagram depicting the many different types of social media There are many effects that stem from internet usage. According to Nielsen, internet users continue to spend more time with social media sites than any other type of site. At the same time, the total time spent on social media in the U.S. across PC and mobile devices increased by 99 percent to 121 billion minutes in July 2012 compared to 66 billion minutes in July 2011 Popular Social Media Tools and Platforms Blogs A platform for casual dialogue and discussions on a specific topic or opinion. Face bookThe world’s largest social network, with more than 1.32 billion monthly active users (as of June 2014). For accessing users create a personal profile, add other users as friends, and exchange messages, including status updates. Brands create pages and Facebook users can â€Å"like† brands’ pages. WhatsApp WhatsApp is the best social network and mobile application. User create accounts send images videos audio notes update status, recently Facebook purchased it. Viber Viber is also an application and bestest application that gives both option of chat and call to the user. TwitterA social networking/micro-blogging platform that allows groups and individuals to stay connected through the exchange of short status messages (140 character limit). YouTube Video hosting and watching websites. Flickr An image and video hosting website and online community. Photos can be shared on Facebook and Twitter and other social networking sites. Instagram A free photo and video sharing application that allows users to apply digital filters, frames and special effects to their photos and then share them on a variety of social networking sites. LinkedIn GroupsA place where groups of professionals with similar areas of interest can share information and participate in conversations. VimeoVideo hosting and watching websites. Scenario 1 An example of digital social media, i.e. Face book. Facebook(formerly[thefacebook]) is an online  social networking service  headquartered in  Menlo Park, California. Facebook now allows anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old to become a registered user of the website. After registering to use the site, users can create a  User profile, add other users as  friends, exchange messages, post status updates and photos, share videos and receive notifications when others update their profiles. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college, or other characteristics, and categorize their friends into lists such as People from Work or Close Friends. Construct a finite automata for facebook in which a user first access to the login page of facebook then user enter ID and password for login process. This process work in backend due to searching algorithm and after search facebook opens the account of the user who enters the ID and password. And now user is entered in home page. If the user wants to create account on facebook then he/she have to enter some details that are required for creating an account and after verification of detail the user can use their home page. In home page there are 4 main options and many other option if the user wants to stay on the home page i.e. user may use search bar for searching any stuff, any application any friend or anything. User want to access a group that he already joined and either option. The 5 main options are: Newsfeed (notification) Sharing Profile Search Chat Now if user want to open newsfeed then user is able to see latest notification or anything in which user is tagged or anyone post on his time line or having response of the something which the user is already shared. User wants to share any picture/audio/video or any status among his friends. The other option is profile. Profile is the timeline of the user in which user can see or comment on what user have already shared or any friend have shared or commented on is shared thing or on status and user can update his/her personal information. The other option is search. The user want to search some content by using search bar. The last but not least option is chat. That enable the user to chat with the friends on his/her friend list. As the whole automaton of the facebook is too vast that’s why for describing them clearly we divided it into 2 states. The first state is login state and the other stage is after login stage. And at the end we will combine all the stages as final automata. STATE 1 (login state) L= {L, EN, P, H, CA, ED, V,} Q= q0, q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, q6, q7 Where, L=login EN= enter name P= enter password H=home page CA=create an account ED=enter detail V=detail verified The above automaton is illustrating that when the user give the input â€Å"L† means login and after â€Å"L† machine accepts the name and the password i.e. EN (enter name ) and p (password) for reaching the final stage of login state i.e. HOME. The user have another option if the user have not any account then the facebook machine (automata) also gives the opportunity to create an account for creating the account the machine accepts the particular details i.e. ED means to enter the required detail. In this automata it is defined that when user open the facebook user have 2 option either he/she open account or he/she creates new account. So if user have not his account so he follow the second option go to create option enter all the details then verified these detail and account created and if have user have already account so he he/she just enter name and password and enter these thing . So same as defined in this automata user have to follow two paths which are clearly mentioned in this automata. Regular expression for the state 1 STATE 2 (After login ) L= { H, SH, NF, Pr, S, CH, LO, D} Where SH = user wants to share the pictures/audio/video or text among his friends. NF = notification from the friends or the pages liked. The user can select the notification and see Pr= timeline of the user. In which user can see what he shared or he/she can update his/her information. S= the user want to search some contact. CH = it stands for chat. That it enables user to chat with the friend on his/her friends list LO = logout. The user sign out and get return to the main page Second state is describes is the state open after login so after login facebook is a multifunction social media but we compiled main functions. So when user logins to fb user have many options now depend on user what user wants to do. either user stays on home page and read normally or he shared any others post, or check the notification of other or the thing which he/she tagged in, or view his own profile or any others profile or use the search option to find any person or search any app or games for playing or using.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ There are many others also things to do but these are the main thing which normally user can do on the daily basis. Now there are some other things also which we mention in automata is using keelene. It’s like if user logins the page and he do not do anything just stay remain in home page it’s not necessary that all user do the same so it’s also mention in automata. Regular expression for the state 2 It’s a general regular expression which is made by the automata but we have to normalize the regular expression fro make it simple and complicated for other so they don’t try to copy, After normalization I denoted as the r.e2 because it’s the same regular expression but just a normalized form. See transition table on the next page, Combined automata L= {L, EN, P, H, CA, ED, V, H, SH, NF, Pr, S, CH, LO, D } r.e = S (L.E.N.P.H + CA. ED. V. H) H*(SH+ + NF++ Pr+ +S++CH*)D(H+LO) Scenario 2 Another example of digital social media i.e., WhatsApp WhatsAppis a  proprietary,  cross-platform  instant messaging  subscription service  for  smartphones  and selected  feature phones  that uses the  Internet  for communic